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Introduction

How the Issue Arose
 -Is It a Problem?
 -History
 -The Role of Gender Bias
 -The Pipeline Effect

Is There Gender Bias?

Why is the Pipeline Shrinking?
 -Academia vs. Industry
 -Lack of Self-Confidence
 -Motivation
 -Parental Support
 -Personal Life, Family and Academia
 -Social Awkwardness
 -Subtle Bias
 -Support Networks

Conclusion &Recommendations

Interviews
 -Female Faculty
 -Female PhDs
 -Female Masters
 -Females Who Switched Out
 -Male faculty
 -Male PhDs
 -Male Masters
 -Males Who Switched Out

Sources

Male Faculty

1. Do you have a spouse/kids?
He is married but has no children. His wife is an English professor.

2. What is the occupational and/or education background of your parents?
Father was professor of political science, and mother was homemaker. His wifeÍs parents were also in academia.

3. Were your parents supportive of your CS pursuit?
Parents were very supportive.

4. What is your perceived % of women faculty in the Stanford Computer Science Department?
4 out of 44.

6. What is your perceived % of women in the computer science industry
(technical positions)?

Statistics on this are very difficult to get because it could be interpreted broadly or not, but in terms of software engineering and development, probably around 15 to 20%.

7. What motivated you to pursue CS?
He got involved very early, even back in 1964 through a connection with his father in the university, even back when he was a junior high student. He didnÍt think he really wanted to major in it when he went to college (intended to major in chemistry or physics, but enjoyed computing more. He also had more background than most other students.)

8. What challenges/struggles have you faced in your pursuit of computer science? We want specific instances.
None, no challenges or struggles. Very straightforward.

9. Through the whole process, do you perceive graduate school to be easier for males or females?
Certainly easier for males (see his article, pg. 530 of reader.)

9a) Interesting idea is that the barriers to exit are less for womenƒ if she wants to switch to classics, no one tried hard to stop her, whereas people will try to stop a man.

10. Why do you think there are more males than females among the Stanford Computer Science faculty? Or, what do you think keep women out?
Stanford is not hiring less women than are available, although they could potentially try harder to search for qualified women.
Mainly the reason is historical. The people who are retiring are more likely to be male. Stanford is already doing better than 10 years agoƒ there are actually ñwomen,î not just Monica.

11. How do you feel about shortage of women faculty in CS?
ItÍs an issue that really must be addressed. Diversity in the faculty is beneficial to everyone. Although CS faculty are in short supply nationwide. Here he tries to change the balance by recruiting women to be lecturers, TAs, and section leaders.

12. Why do you think there are more males than females among the Stanford Computer Science graduate students? Or, what do you think keep women out?
Same factors that keep them out of faculty. Chilly climate towards women, not as much fun for them to be outnumbered and be objects of attention. Also, industry is a very attractive proposition. Women who go off to summer internships discover that companies are desperate to have them and will constantly reassure them, which wonÍt happen in academia where it will be challenging and frustrating (which is essential to the education system because they must be pushed to do more than they are capable of so their capabilities will grow.) But by the time women finish their undergraduate years, industry is more appealing. Everyone wants the money!

13. Do you perceive discrimination against women faculty in funding practices?
There is discrimination, but it is very subtle. There are not many Neanderthals left on the faculty (there are a few, but they are dwindling out.)

14. Do you think professors are inclined to seek out female graduate students for research?
Certainly not likely to only seek malesƒ thatÍs in the past.

1. Do you have a spouse/kids?
Divorced, one son 18 yrs

2. What is the occupational and/or educational background of your parents?
Father: College educated, chem. Eng, prof, Mother: College edu homekeeper

3. Were your parents supportive of your CS pursuit?
Yes

4. 4. What is your perceived % of women faculty in the Stanford Computer Science Department?
10%

5. What is your perceived % of women graduate students, masters and PhDs, in the Stanford Computer Science Department?
PhD- very low %, esp within Databases (30 total, 3 women); Masters - 30-40%

6. What is your perceived % of women in the computer science industry (technical positions)?
20%

7. What motivated you to pursue CS?
Just seemed neat. At that time it wasn't money it was the love for computers.

8. What challenges/struggles have you faced in your pursuit of computer science?
We want specific instances. A lot of work to do well, but part of job, but since I like it no struggle/challenge.

9. Through the whole process, do you perceive graduate school to be easier for males or females?
Same - no difference.

10. Why do you think there are more males than females among the Stanford Computer Science faculty? Or, what do you think keep women out?
Just input we have - overall society issue. We don't get that many applicants. Our searches are completely unbiased - we do not look at gender. We do not look for women or men.

11. How do you feel about shortage of women faculty in CS?
It'd be nice to have more women, but not willing to sacrifice quality of dept for it. Have to start at earlier stages and get more women to go into CS and research.

12. Why do you think there are more males than females among the Stanford Computer Science graduate students? Or, what do you think keep women out?
Same problem. Just don't get enough female applicant - not biased in admissions.

13. How do you feel about shortage of women in the CS graduate program?
Same comment.

14. Why would you pick academia over Industry or vice versa?
More rewarding environment, easier to do more interesting work.

15. Why do think women would choose academia over Industry or vice versa?
Same process regardless of gender - might make more money in industry more freedom in academia..

16. Do you perceive discrimination against women faculty in funding practices or in general?
No, not in our disc.

17. Do you think professors are inclined to seek out female graduate students for research?
No pref, based on qualifications.

18. For grad students, would you prefer to have male/female advisor?

19. juggling family and careers:
Have to work harder to juggle both lives, but hard on husband, too. Regardless of gender, tough if you have kids.

20. hostile environment:
No.

21. Speculation - geeks and computer geeks, the aggressiveness have made CS less attractive to women.