Female Faculty

1. Do you have a spouse/kids?
Yes, her husband is on faculty at Berkeley and she has two children (she had both while she was a professor. Her husband is professor of some techie subject.)

2. What is the occupational and/or education background of your parents?
Father is a math professor with a PhD, and her mother is a social worker with a Masters

3. Were your parents supportive of your CS pursuit?
Yes, they were very supportive (she commented that you canât really expect faculty parents to be traditional.)

4. What is your perceived % of women faculty in the Stanford Computer Science Department?
She told me exactly that there are 4 women in a department of 44.

5. What is your perceived % of women graduate students, masters and PhDs, in the Stanford Computer Science Department?
Guessed that there are about 1 in 7 or 1 in 8 for PhD, but perhaps 1 in 5 for Masters. While undergrad is ¹ or 1/3.

6. What is your perceived % of women in the computer science industry (technical positions)?
1/4 or 1/3

7. What motivated you to pursue CS?
She was actually a music undergrad and got her degree in music, but along the way she took many CS classes and liked it.

8. What challenges/struggles have you faced in your pursuit of computer science? We want specific instances.
Nothing specific, nothing that had to do with being a woman. She just had some hard classes, but nothing special.

9. Through the whole process, do you perceive graduate school to be easier for males or females?
She said there was no big difference either way, and that the differences between individuals far outweigh any influence that your gender may have.

10. Why do you think there are more males than females among the Stanford Computer Science faculty? Or, what do you think keep women out?
ãThere are more males in the faculty because there are more males in the applicant pool.ä Sheâs not sure what this is, and thinks youâd have to look at statistics to get a better idea. She doesnât know for sure if we are hiring fewer females than available, but she knows there are fewer faculty than grad students in terms of percentage, but this could largely be because most of the faculty were hired long long ago when no women were professors. Doesnât know for sure how things will be in the future, but she thinks it comes down to good women simply not being available. She recently intereviewd a few lately but they werenât good enough to be on the faculty, but there was no discrimination.

11. How do you feel about shortage of women faculty in CS?
Sheâd definitely like to see more as long as they are qualified.

12. Why do you think there are more males than females among the Stanford Computer Science graduate students? Or, what do you think keep women out?
She doesnât know why her CS undergrads donât go on to grad school· some specific instances are people who decide to instead go on to business school, but she largely doesnât know what they are doing instead of going to grad school.

13. How do you feel about shortage of women in the CS graduate program?
She ran the graduate program this year, and she said sheâd like to see more qualified women applying, but she admitted the usual percentage this year as in previous years based on the number that apply and their qualifications.

14. Why would you pick academia over Industry or vice versa?
She worked in industry for about 5 years before coming to Stanford, and she said that the likes the scool environment much better than industry. Donât have to have a boss, and she likes working with students. She gets to bring her kids to work too.

15. Why do think women would choose academia over Industry or vice versa?
She said that they SHOULD choose academia but they just donât know it. Academia is better if you have kids because it is more flexible. Although when I asked her if it was really flexible if you were trying to get tenure and had to work so hard producing research and whatnot, she said that could change things a little. In her case, she had already established herself in terms of research working at IBM, so then she came here, had kids, and got tenure. When she brought kids to office here no one was bothered. Being assistant professor here in CS right after getting a PhD may have been overwhelming, so people who try to do that and have kids may have problems. It could be daunting (some think it is impossible, but it has been done. It largely depends on the husband.)

16. Do you perceive discrimination against women faculty in funding practices?
Sheâs never seen any herself, but she can see how this is an interesting question because if there really is any discrimination against women in CS, funding would be the place that it is. Certain funding places are kind of like Old Boys Networks, such as some defense funding agencies run by older generals. But discrimination doesnât exist in standard government funding, or funding by the NSF.

17. Do you think professors are inclined to seek out female graduate students for research?
She said it depends on what faculty members youâre talking about, and that you probably wouldnât see it with any of the faculty members over the ago of 60. Especially the professors who work with the EE department would expect to have male graduate students, and she doubts that anyone really chooses one over the other.

After the formal questioning, we talked for a while about her experiences:
After college, she went on to do research at Almaden Research Center for IBM, which isnât exactly an industry environment since itâs all research oriented. She felt that here being a woman made things easier for her in terms of getting opportunities, and she was able to publish papers, establish a reputation, and spend 90% of her time doing research. So that aspect of getting tenure was already taken care of by the time she came to Stanford. Doing things one at time like this is was better, she said. She thinks some women donât try to come back to academia after doing research, but instead try to go straight into being a professor after getting a PhD and then leave.

She mentioned the report from MIT and how 7 school presidents came to discuss the issue of women in CS. Things like this could have the effect of being alarmist and making people think this is a bigger problem out there than there really is· blow things out of proportion.

One of her children is 4 and the other is 5.

1. Do you have a spouse/kids?
Yes. I have one daughter, and one baby on the way.

2. What is the occupational and/or education background of your parents?
Both w/ masters. F: Engineer, M: not worked, but she write poetry, etc.

3. Were your parents supportive of your CS pursuit?
Never unsupportive, disappointed, perhaps.

4. What is your perceived % of women faculty in the Stanford Computer Science Department?
5 ö 10% .. but I already know.

5. What is your perceived % of women graduate students, masters and PhDs, in the Stanford Computer Science Department?
10-15%

6. What is your perceived % of women in the computer science industry (technical positions)?
20-30%

7. What motivated you to pursue CS?
I was a senior in college, and I took CS and enjoyed it. I had to support myself! I had majored in classics and math· I worked, then went to grad school.

8. What challenges/struggles have you faced in your pursuit of computer science? (specific instances would be helpful)
I donât have a good stats background, time management. I had more in math and physics as ugrad. But, Iâve never been a purist [speaking of theory stuff].
Through the whole process, do you perceive graduate school to be easier for males or females?
A Gender base support group is not always the most effective. Sympathetic people are more important. It seemed to me that all women were in theory, but maybe that was just what Berkeley was like. I had to modify my behavior in the systems group, I had to learn to interrupt people more, otherwise Iâd never be heard.

10. Why do you think there are more males than females among the Stanford Computer Science faculty? Or, what do you think keep women out?
I donât know of y theory behind it. But I do have a number of ideas.
(1) Think women leave earlier, jobs to become a mother.
(2) Expectations of private life are not compatible. For example, I had a very important meeting with a dean that I had to miss because my daughter was sick. Itâs also hard to go through with all that extra schooling with children.
(3) When kids are being brought up, girls are discouraged from disassembling stuff, ãtinkering.ä I guess Iâm a late ãtinkeringä bloomer. The other day in the park I saw a mom who scolded her daughter for disassembling something, I went over and told her it was okay.

11. How do you feel about shortage of women faculty in CS?
Not sure there are lots of people out there keeping them out. I think itâs just they donât want to go into it.

12. Why do you think there are more males than females among the Stanford Computer Science graduate students? Or, what do you think keep women out? [see 11]

13. How do you feel about shortage of women in the CS graduate program?
[see 11]

14. Why would you pick academia over Industry or vice versa?
I like to be my own boss. Iâm allowed to do wild and crazier things. And I can keep things fresh.

15. Why do think women would choose academia over Industry or vice versa?
[see 14]

16. Do you perceive discrimination against women faculty in funding practices?
Thatâs actually never been a problem for

17. Do you think professors are inclined to seek out female graduate students for research?

Note: This interviewee also passed on a similar interview she had done earlier (within the last year, I believe). So, for some of the questions, she simply refers to the old interview, which is attached after our interview.

1. Do you have a spouse/kids?
I'm married and have 2 boys, ages 5 and 8.

2. What is the occupational and/or education background of your parents?
My father has a Bachelors from Mississippi State Univ in Engineering. My mother never went to college.

3. Were your parents supportive of your CS pursuit?
By the time I pursued CS, I was financially independent so I don't really know. I think they would have probably preferred I do something like CS rather then music...

4. What is your perceived % of women faculty in the Stanford Computer Science Department?
10-15%

5. What is your perceived % of women graduate students, masters and PhDs, in the Stanford Computer Science Department?
Really don't know... Maybe 30-35%

6. What is your perceived % of women in the computer science industry (technical positions)?
15-25%

7. What motivated you to pursue CS?
see other message

8. What challenges/struggles have you faced in your pursuit of computer science? (specific instances would be helpful)
see other message

9. Through the whole process, do you perceive graduate school to be easier for males or females?
We have to do the same work so I do not perceive it as harder in that context. It may feel more difficult to a female grad student because of a lack of role models and peers to work with.

10. Why do you think there are more males than females among the Stanford Computer Science faculty? Or, what do you think keep women out?
I think it's a manifestation of another issue which is lack of encouragement of young women and girls in engineering/math/CS areas. See my other message for more on this.

11. How do you feel about shortage of women faculty in CS?
I would like to see more women faculty members. It's important for the women we do have as students to have role models and to see successful women in the field.

12. Why do you think there are more males than females among the Stanford Computer Science graduate students? Or, what do you think keep women out?
Again, there are just fewer women applying due to the issues in early education.

13. How do you feel about shortage of women in the CS graduate program?
I would like to see more women here too.

14. Why would you pick academia over Industry or vice versa?
see other message - I do both.

15. Why do think women would choose academia over Industry or vice versa?
Love of research and teaching.

16. Do you perceive discrimination against women faculty in funding practices?
No basis for answering.

17. Do you think professors are inclined to seek out female graduate students for research?
Perhaps female professors do. I have difficulty generalizing that some percentage of male professors discriminate. I think it is a personal thing. There are males with totally open views about women in technology and engineering and see a woman as equal to a man. There are others who feel women are better suited to other fields. They may be very vocal about this opinion of they may keep it to themselves but it may pop up by their always choosing a man over a woman. But, not all men feel negatively about women in this field.

Old Interview:

When did you first pursue CS? What made you decide on CS as a career path(is it a natural step after Music History in NY)?
I got involved in CS through my husband who has a BS in CS. When we first got married I was a performer and music teacher in NYC. He started out after graduating as a consultant. At the time (late 80's) things were really hot for PC and LAN application development. He got involved in that and so did I. I taught myself how to program and began helping him with his projects. Eventually I took on more. We started getting bigger and bigger contracts which was really cool, but I felt overwhelmed at times. I just did not have the technical skills I needed. So I went back to school and got a masters and PhD in CS.

Why I pursued the path is: it was really hard making a living as a musician, and I really liked the CS work I did with David (my husband). We made good money which was a good incentive too.

Did other female friends also do CS, or did it alienate you to some degree? How big was your MS graduating class, and what percent were women?
I did not have any female friends in CS. Everyone in my classes for both masters and PhD were male. The size of my MS class was 85.

The same questions apply for when you recieved your Ph.D.. In what year did you recieve your Ph.D.?

1991 - same applies: all male.

Correct me if I am wrong, but from City University of New York you went to Computer Associates? What was your experience as a women entering the tech industry? Do you feel you were treated fairly? Did you run into men who were taken aback by your position?
I never worked for a company other than our consulting company. We had a contract with CA to rewrite a bunch of their tools. Let me answer the discrim questions in the next section.

Did you ever encounter discrimination in your other industry jobs? If so, how severe?
It was at times severe. David and I worked together on all our projects but as time went on, we began to play certain roles. I was able to absorb the reqts of the systems that we built very quickly and I designed them and figured out who should do what. I tended to do the database/interface stuff and David did the low level algorithm development.

Our largest clients were the Equitable, Merrill Lynch and CA. At the Equitable, we dealt almost exclusively with women. These were not women in technical positions - they were basically managers of the users of our systems. I had no problems working with them.

At CA and ML, we dealt with men. And for the most part, they did not show a great deal of respect for me. After the first couple encounters, David and I figured out a way of dealing with these close-minded men. Basically, we would act like David was the main person collecting reqts for a system and I was his secretary. It made the clients more comfortable to feel they were dealing with a man and I got all the info I needed to design and build the system.

Quite often, it would come out that I played a much more important role but by that time, the contract was signed and the system was pretty much built so everyone was pretty happy.

The most difficult situations were when we were brought in to bail out a late project. These were stressful projects where some group of programmers just could not get everything together on time. I felt resentment and skepticism as we started on these projects. These guys did not want a woman to do something they could not do. But again, our goal was to complete the contract and get the money. So David and I would play certain roles to facilitate and lessen the stress. But personally, I found it pretty difficult to deal with.

The general tone in these companies was programming and system design were for men. Testing and admin, and non-tech duties were for women. I had to go to great lengths to prove myself. But in time, my reputation and our little consulting groups reputation was strong enough that I did not have to continually do this.

Overall, in the educational environment as a student, how did men react to you as a computer scientist?

As an anomoly, but there are lots of men in the world that have open minds and deal with me as an equal, and actually enjoy the opportunity to work with a woman (we do bring a different perspective to things) in technical things. There are also men who pigeon-hole women in general. I tend to avoid such men, and fortunately, I am in a position where I can pick the projects I work on now.

As a teacher? Did male students challenge you excessively when you first started teaching?
Yes and they continue to do so. Although I can't say for sure that it's because they are male and I am female. It just happens - I am not challenged (or rarely) by female students. I tend to think, as above, there are many male students with good, balanced feelings about women and there are those who feel we don't belong here. Occasionally the latter make themselves known to me in pretty obnoxious ways.

In a film I recently saw, Lucie Fieldstad(An IBM exec for 20 years up until the early '90's) stated "women are not quite full citizens in the tech world." Do you agree/disagree and why?
Yes I do. There are just so few of us still. It's the group of men that do not have healthy attitudes about women in general that make things difficult for us. There are so many men that have been just great to me, and a fairly large number that either treat me as an errant daughter or as a competitive rival, that they would like to put in her place.

It really comes down to the psychological make-up of the man that I am dealing with. Do they respect women in general? If so, no problems; if not, all kinds of strange behaviors can get expressed especially in a technical work environment where women are still pretty rare. The men with less healthy attitudes think their domain is being invaded.

Another statement from Mrs. Fieldstad was women "are presumed incompetent until proven competent" and the reverse is true for men. Have your run into this as well?

see above - most definitely in the beginning. Now I have a strong enough reputation that I don't have to do it anymore. Or if someone expects me to do it now, I just walk.

When you were studying CS, what was the prototypical image of a CS student? How has that changed?
Male - good in math, probably a hacker type. Lack of communication and social skills.

I think now, the industry is starting to put more of an emphasis on communication and team-oriented skills. This is slowly seeping down into curricular areas where we are trying to find ways of building those skills in school.

How did you start working for metricnet? How big is the company?
Metricnet was started by myself and one of my PhD advisors who is a fairly well-known IT consultant and expert (Howard Rubin). He was the Y2K expert to Congress and one of Clinton's technical advisors.

We started it in Nov 1999 and we now have 10 people working for us. We were just acquired (2 months ago) by a consulting group in NY: META Group.

How does CS and your family meld together? At times is their pressure to leave(especially pertaining to your industry work) because of family responsibility? Especially prevalent in the '70's was the idea that women could not have careers(espcially in the tech industry) because eventually they would have to leave to have kids are raise a family. Did you run into those stereotypes ever?
The 70s was before my married time so I did not run into this directly. Plus I never worked for a company where I would have to quit to raise a family. We just went from contract to contract. So I can't comment on that.

It has been a struggle getting my family life in sync with my work life. Everything went very smoothly as we were consulting in NY (we had no children then). Then we moved to CA after I got my PhD and I took a position at Stanford. That's when we decided to start a family. We did not want to put our kids in day care so we jointly decided that one of us would stay home. Since I was just starting a new position and since I had the PhD, it appeared that I could make more money.

So my husband put his career on hold and stayed home with our boys. That's has had its positives and negatives. First, I have to make a lot of money to cover us given the cost of living here so I work a lot. Fortunately, I can work at home for some of it but it is still pretty exhausting. Second, both David and I were raised in "traditional" families where the mother stayed at home and the father worked. We have switched that and it's hard to deal with at times. For example, David is in the PTA and he is the one who volunteers in the classroom. Everyone knows who he is. When I show up for school functions, no one knows who I am. It feels pretty strange. I also feel guilty that I do not get to spend as much time with my boys as I would like. My time is so structured in order to get everything done, and there is very little to spare.

On the positive side though, our boys have spent lots of time with their father, which is really great. And, they see a women as the bread-winner in a technical field. I think (I hope!) they have pretty healthy attitudes about women and what women can do.

But David and I have had to adjust our attitudes and make a lot of sacrifices.

Now I want to specifically focus on concrete technology that creates division/excludes women from CS. The first technology is:

Video Games:

The prevelence of violence and the degradation of women steers many girls away from the most popular video games, but video games promote computer interaction and help build the next generation of computer scientists.

How do you feel about video games? Are they a division producing mechanism in computer science?
Yeah - there are a lot of games that are geared towards male-oriented things. I don't find a problem with that - they get to do what they like to do. I just wish there were an equal number of games that young women liked to play. The basic issue is males are the ones creating most games - we need to get more women in that domain to even things up.

Do you let your kids play video games? If so which ones?
Sure. They play nintendo - lego racers, mario cart, super mario. Those are the main ones right now.

How can we include women more in early CS development?
I think in elementary school, it is important to teach girls that they can do technical things. They can program and take computers apart. It's not a boy thing - it's a mind thing.

We run computer labs for my sons elementary school and we go to extra lengths to include girls in the classes. We show them Karel the Robot as well as Claris and typing programs. We let them take computers and printers apart. I do whatever I can to get the girls involved. And some of them are very good - but they need extra encouragement. The boys really try and monopolize the activity and they are usually bigger and rougher. So it requires care and attention to keep the girls interested.

Internet Relay Chat(IRC):(Do you still have that great article from 201 on this? I can't find it from searching the 201 home pages). IRC is a way for programmers to communicate fairly anonamously and many have used this to create a hostile environment for women. Known women on the system are many times "flamed"(verbally attacked with demeaning language) by other members. Yet IRC is a valuable community to get technical information. Our company actually hired a user an employee found while chatting. It can be likened to a male only library...

I probably have it somewhere. Come by during my office hours and I'll try and find it.

Do you use IRC? Are you adverse to it?
No I don't. I have no time... But even if I had the time, I like to see the person I am talking to. I'm not averse to it as long as people are respectful.

Are their other avenues more women-friendly to get information or communicate?
Hmmm... I have to think about that.

Can you think of other technologies that exclude women?
Engineering in general is still male-dominated.

Will/How can more women integrate into Computer Science?

Early encouragement and continued encouragement as they begin to pursue it. This happens by getting more women in the field which is slowly happening.

Do you think there will ever be 1/2 1/2 by gender in the profession?
No I don't. Tradition runs deep with many people and tradition is math and engineering is for the boys, fuzzy subjects are for the girls. This is very simplistic but as long as parents continue to pass this tradition down, we will have to continue fighting it.

1. Do you have a spouse/kids?
FiancŽe

2. What is the occupational and/or educational background of your parents?
Father: Undergrad degree, owned bowling alley, shrimp business;Mother: no college, valedictorian of high school, grandparents encouraged to go to secretarial school, delivers mail

3. Were your parents supportive of your CS pursuit?
Yes, definitely. Parents didnât really try to influence me on anything.

4. What is your perceived % of women faculty in the Stanford Computer Science Department?
15%

5. What is your perceived % of women graduate students, masters and PhDs, in the Stanford Computer Science Department?
PhD- 10%; Masters - 25%

6. What is your perceived % of women in the computer science industry (technical positions)?
25%

7. What motivated you to pursue CS?
Just love it. Was an accident, math undergrad at Stanford, intro courses in Pascal junior year (Intro 106A) ˆ was totally awesome, not that hard. Took as many CS courses then after. Then came back for a CS degree. Both theory and programming.

8. What challenges/struggles have you faced in your pursuit of computer science? We want specific instances.
No obvious issues. Naturally gravitate to - happy with choice of jobs, experience. Work is hard in it of it itself, but no gender issues, same opportunities as anyone else. Not that people did not take me seriously or give same chance as guy.

9. Through the whole process, do you perceive graduate school to be easier for males or females?
The things that made it easier than harder more dependent on skills and work ethic. If ask all students how prepared they are, more likely woman will admit that she feels not prepared enough ˆ more insecurity and honesty among female. If sick during exam, woman student takes it more as personal failing whereas guy can just shrug it off.

10. Why do you think there are more males than females among the Stanford Computer Science faculty? Or, what do you think keep women out?
Video games - getting started with computers early ˆ guys think maybe computer science like video games . . . so maybe they have positive associations with CS. If draw women in earlier, getting them to use and be comfortable with computers, more women would be into it. Have stereo-type of nerdy computer guys and think Iâm not like that. May dismiss it without trying it. Teach women earlier; use more visual, sound, colors as opposed pure mathematical - teachers should encouraging, gentle and fun.

11. How do you feel about shortage of women faculty in CS?
I wish we had more. We try really hard, we pay attention to the issue. Shrinking pipeline 25% ms, 10% phds, less in faculty. Get people into earlier, more likely to have later.

12. Why do you think there are more males than females among the Stanford Computer Science graduate students? Or, what do you think keep women out?
Shrinking pipeline (acm.worldwide). People need role models (people at the next stage to see how to get there). Did not happen for me until grad school (Had Monica Lam for 143). Profound impact - inspiring to have Monica Lam. Made it seem more doable - I can do that someday. If all I see is white 50 yer old males, think can I ever be there. A lot easier if have a role model that looks like you. If each stage in game cutting %women in half, odds of getting role model very low. Am I the oddball? What is everyone else doing?

13. How do you feel about shortage of women in the CS graduate program?
Hit that earlier.

14. Why would you pick academia over Industry or vice versa?
Meaningful and worthwhile - a lot interesting stuff in industry. But at end of day, industry is not that exciting. Lecturing more worthwhile. Societal good of it.

15. Why do think women would choose academia over Industry or vice versa?
Academia - less money, more flexible hours (works better if have family), get to work with people. CS can be alienating in a lot of ways - ultimately coding alone.

16. Do you perceive discrimination against women faculty in funding practices or in general?
Not that Iâve noticed.

17. Do you think professors are inclined to seek out female graduate students for research?
I am.

18. For grad students, would you prefer to have male/female advisor?
Good to have both.

19. juggling family and careers:
A much bigger issue for women than for men. Not going away any time soon.

20. hostile environment:
I donât have kids - thatâs when find out what itâs really like . . . when you suddenly need accommodations.

Academia actually more enticing - pecking order obvious (no one would ask questions to her male TAs over her because obvious that she is lecturer and therefore higher on pecking order).

1. Do you have a spouse/kids?
Married, no kids.

2. What is the occupational and/or educational background of your parents?
Father: high school, business man (stock-broker); Mother: home schooled

3. Were your parents supportive of your CS pursuit?
Not particularly - they do not really care about what I do. They were not particularly supportive of PhD program - they were not familiar with idea of going to graduate school . . . they still donât understand why Iâm still in school. It has a lot to do with culture - my parents very much cared about my brotherâs profession but did not care much about me . . . so it was okay that I went fo rmy higher education. My parents not caring gave me more of chance to do what I like.

4. What is your perceived % of women faculty in the Stanford Computer Science Department?
10%

5. What is your perceived % of women graduate students, masters and PhDs, in the Stanford Computer Science Department?
PhD- 10%; Masters - 20-25%

6. What is your perceived % of women in the computer science industry (technical positions)?
15-20%

7. What motivated you to pursue CS?
Just fun, I liked math in high school.

8. What challenges/struggles have you faced in your pursuit of computer science? We want specific instances.
Itâs a struggle being a faculty member in general. Normal kinds of struggles . . . getting started with research always hard. Wish I were a native speaker.

9. Through the whole process, do you perceive graduate school to be easier for males or females?
Same - female graduate students are tougher; tough for everyone

10. Why do you think there are more males than females among the Stanford Computer Science faculty? Or, what do you think keep women out?
Arenât enough graduate students; a lot of BS students and then it keeps shrinking, donât know why people donât want to go to graduate school.

11. How do you feel about shortage of women faculty in CS?
No fun, all men. Women are cool, should be more.

12. Why do you think there are more males than females among the Stanford Computer Science graduate students? Or, what do you think keep women out?
Well, this is where the problem starts - how many people want a higher degreee; less people willing to make commitment to longer course of study; bulk of people donât go to graduate school; are expectations of women different from men? - not sure if women think about graduate school as much, not sure if as career minded; balance of family really difficult

13. How do you feel about shortage of women in the CS graduate program?
Same as above

14. Why would you pick academia over Industry or vice versa?
Best - like research, get to interact with students, get to teach, get to explore ideas for sake of idea, a lot of freedom in what I do, get to do things just for sake of research, constant flow of new ideas, energetic new people, very unique environment; bulk of people donât got to grad school, some have curiosity or are unsatisfied with work so want to go back to school - smaller number of people who want academic careers

15. Why do think women would choose academia over Industry or vice versa?
See above

16. Do you perceive discrimination against women faculty in funding practices or in general?
No. In general, actually more supportive, some individuals who are biased but a reflection of them,m does not affect me

17. Do you think professors are inclined to seek out female graduate students for research?
Iâm inclined to take, have not turned down any females, but Iâve only got two

18. For grad students, would you prefer to have male/female advisor?
Advisor-student relationship really has to match, I donât look for women; if interested in my area, accept them - really has to be math of research interests and style of work (theoretical vs. experimental)

19. Do you find that it is difficult to juggle their family and careers?
To some extent but I have a very geeky husband

20. Miscellaneous
-10% femaile faculty all hired within last 12 years - so more than 10% that weâre hiring

-Good news: four of us are younger people, as time goes on, will hire more and more people

-Second female PhD student of mine graduating, graduated 12 total working with another 8 /* I donât recall the context of this*/

-I suggest you look at number of new hires in last 12-13 years, hiring at a greater rate than number of grad students we have, have a lot of women (as hire, ratio will improve)